2 * Copyright 2005-2010 the original author or authors.
4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
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11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 * limitations under the License.
18 * This package provides test library for database testing in general and JPA testing
19 * specifically. As part of this it provides a means to transparently start an inmemory
20 * database from a junit test or connect to an external database. Also, given a persistence
21 * unit it is easy to start testing it in a junit test with only a few lines of code.
25 * The main use cases are explained below:
28 * <li> <a href="#db-basic">Basic database testing, transparently connecting to a database</a>
30 * <li> <a href="#db-basic-external">Connecting to an external database</a>
32 * <li> <a href="#db-utils">Executing code within a JDBC transaction</a>
34 * <li> <a href="#db-unit">Using DB Unit in your tests</a>
36 * <li> <a href="#db-jpa-basic">Basic JPA testing</a>
38 * <li> <a href="#db-jpa-plus-jdbc">JPA testing combined with JDBC and DBUnit</a>
40 * <li> <a href="#db-jpa-services">Testing a service that requires a transaction</a>
45 * See also the <a href="#design-overview">design overview</a>.
49 * <h2>Basic database testing, transparently connecting to a database</h2>
51 * Starting the database:
53 * Database db = DatabaseBuilder.getDatabase();
54 * DataSource dataSource = db.start();
57 * If nothing is specified in the user's environment, an inmemory database is started (derby).
58 * Using the datasource is just standard JDBC now.
61 * After a test it is good practice to stop the database:
67 * <a name="db-basic-external">
68 * <h2>Connecting to an external database</h2>
71 * Connecting to an external database can be done by requiring the 'external' capability on
72 * the database provider.
74 * Database db = DatabaseBuilder.getDatabase(DatabaseProvider.CAPABILITY_EXTERNAL);
76 * This also requires a number of environment variables or system properties to be set,
77 * see {@link ExternalDatabase}.
80 * However, the most convenient way to set the capabilities is usually to set a system property or environment
81 * variable see the javadocs of {@link DatabaseBuilder}. and
82 * specifically <code>DatabaseBuilder.DB_CAPABILITIES_PROP</code>
87 * <h2>Executing code within a JDBC transaction</h2>
90 * To execute code withing a JDBC transaction, use the {@link DatabaseUtils} and
91 * use the {@link DatabaseUtils#executeInTransaction(org.wamblee.support.persistence.DatabaseUtils.JdbcUnitOfWork)}
95 * DatabaseUtils dbutils = new DatabaseUtils(dataSource);
96 * boolean result = dbutils.executeInTransaction(
97 * new JdbcUnitOfWork<Boolean>() {
99 * public Boolean execute(Connection aConnection) throws Exception {
100 * ResultSet res = jpaTester.getDbUtils().executeQuery(
101 * aConnection, GROUP_QUERY, aGroup);
106 * {@link DatabaseUtils} also provides various other utility methods to work with JDBC queries.
109 * <h2>Using DB Unit in your tests</h2>
112 * <p>To work with <a href="http://dbunit.org">DBUnit</a>,
113 * <code>DatabaseUtils#createDbTester(org.dbunit.dataset.filter.ITableFilterSimple)</code>
114 * must be used passing it in the tables to use in the form of a {@link org.dbunit.dataset.filter.ITableFilterSimple}
118 * IDatabaseTester dbtester = dbutils.createDbTester(new ITableFilterSimple() {
119 * public boolean accept(String aTableName) throws DataSetException {
120 * return aTableName.startsWith("XYZ_");
125 * <p>The reason for using a <code>DatabaseUtils</code> instead of DBUnit directly is that
126 * <code>DatabseUtils</code> will keep track of connections and close them when <code>DatabaseUtils</code>
129 * <a name="db-jpa-basic">
130 * <h2>Basic JPA testing</h2>
133 * First step is to create a {@link PersistenceUnitDescription} that matches the persistence unit you
136 * <p>Second step is to make sure that all entities are listed explicitly in your
137 * <code>persistence.xml</code>. Currently, class path scanning appears to fail when
139 * Specifying all entities explicitly is not necessarily a bad thing as it is also more efficient.
143 * Now create a <code>JpaTester</code> in your test code:
147 * public void setUp() throws Exception {
149 * // First we create the JpaTester by telling us which persistence unit we
150 * // are going to test
151 * jpaTester = new JpaTester(new MyPersistenceUnit());
157 * Then in test code execute some JPA code within a unit of work:
160 * jpaTester.getJpaBuilder().execute(new JpaUnitOfWork<Void>() {
161 * public Void execute(EntityManager aEm) {
162 * MyEntity entity = new MyEntity("a", "b");
163 * aEm.persist(entity);
169 * <a name="db-jpa-plus-jdbc">
170 * <h2>JPA testing combined with JDBC and DBUnit</h2>
172 * <p>The <code>JPATester</code> provides access to all required object. It is usually convenient to
173 * get them directly from the <code>JPATester</code> after initializing it:
175 * builder = jpaTester.getJpaBuilder();
176 * dbutils = jpaTester.getDbUtils();
177 * dbtester = dbutils.createDbTester(new MyTables());
180 * <a name="db-jpa-services">
181 * <h2>Testing a service that requires a transaction</h2>
184 * <p>Using {@link TransactionProxyFactory} it is possible to create a proxy for a given
185 * service interface to provide the semantics of 'requires new' transaction semantics.
187 * TransactionProxyFactory<Service> factory = new TransactionProxyFactory<Service>(
188 * jpaTester.getJpaBuilder(), Service.class);
189 * Service service = new ServiceImpl(factory.getTransactionScopedEntityManager());
190 * Service proxy = factory.getProxy(service);
191 * proxy.execute(...);
195 * In the above example, the <code>Service</code> POJO requires an {@link EntityManager} in its
196 * constructor and it is passed a transaction scoped entitymanager from the factory. This entitymanager
197 * is in fact a so-called contextual reference.
198 * Next, the proxy is obtained from the factory. Invoking any method on it will make sure a new
199 * transaction is started and a new entity manager is created for the scope of that transaction.
202 * <a name="design-overview">
203 * <h2>Design overview</h2>
206 * <h3>Database transparency</h3>
209 * <img src="doc-files/Class_Diagram__org.wamblee.support.persistence__database.jpg"
213 * {@link DatabaseProvider} uses <code>java.util.ServiceLoader</code> to find all implementations
214 * of {@link DatabaseProvider} on the classpath. It then asks the database providers whether
215 * they support the required capabilities (by default inmemory), and the first provider that
216 * supports the capabilities is used to create the database.
219 * Note that the <code>Database</code> interface is not intended to always create a database.
220 * It will do so for {@link DerbyDatabase} (inmemory), but with {@link ExternalDatabase}
221 * it simply connects to an external database based on system properties or environment
225 * <h3>JPA tester overview</h3>
228 * <img src="doc-files/Class_Diagram__org.wamblee.support.persistence__jpatester.jpg"
232 * <p><code>JPATester</code> is responsible for:</p>
234 * <li> Starting or connecting to a database, using {@link DatabaseBuilder}.
236 * <li> Registering the acquired datasource in JNDI by first stubbing JNDI
237 * using {@link org.wamblee.support.jndi.StubInitialContextFactory}.
239 * <li> Creating the {@link JPABuilder} that will do the JPA heavy lifting.
241 * <li> Creating the {@link DatabaseUtils} for JDBC and DBUnit testing.
247 package org.wamblee.test.persistence;